a. corporate income tax is an expense, not a distribution of profits to the government – this statement is correct and therefore, corporate income tax is shown as an expense in the Income statement.
b. deferred tax assets might be resulted from loss carrybacks – this statement is correct as loss is an asset.
c. non taxable expenses cause permanent differences between pretax accounting income and taxable income – this statement is correct like goodwill amortisation expense under purchase method of acquisitions is an non taxable expense which cause permanent differences .
d. deferred tax liability might be resulted when tax expense on income statement is less than tax payment based on tax code – this statement is incorrect
The correct statement is – deferred tax liability might be resulted when tax expense on income statement is higher than tax payment based on tax code .
Because here we will be supposed to pay higher tax according to income statement but will pay lower tax due to lesser income calculated under tax code, therefore , it will become liability as in future we will have to pay higher tax.